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Taking on Thermal Difficulties Outside of Earth
Posted by Okachinepa on 07/10/2024 @ 
SynEVOL Source
Schematic of the Thermal Environment for Electronics in Spacecraft
Courtesy of SynEvol
Credit: Yi-Gao Lv, et al.


Advances in thermal management technologies (TMTs) for spacecraft electronics are reviewed in a recent review, which addresses heat rejection, acquisition, and transport issues under the harsh conditions of space. The purpose of this review is to provide guidance for the development of upcoming spacecraft thermal management systems, improving space mission effectiveness and dependability.

Spacecraft electronics have to deal with a variety of challenging circumstances, including microgravity, heat cycling, and radiation from space. Because of these considerations, reliable thermal management systems are required to keep onboard equipment operating properly and lasting a long time. These issues are frequently not adequately addressed by conventional temperature control techniques. To guarantee the stability and effectiveness of space missions, a thorough investigation into cutting-edge thermal management technology is required in light of these difficulties.

Advanced thermal management systems for spacecraft electronics are the subject of a thorough assessment by scientists from Xi'an Jiaotong University and the Xi’an Institute of Space Radio Technology, which was just published in the journal Energy Storage and Saving. Based on heat transfer mechanisms, such as heat acquisition, conveyance, and rejection, the study groups these technologies.

The evaluation compares thermal management technologies (TMTs) for spacecraft electronics, with a focus on heat acquisition, transfer, and rejection. It investigates high thermal conductivity materials such as carbon-based composites and annealed pyrolytic graphite (APG) and examines novel packaging structures based on micro-/nano-electromechanical system (MEMS/NEMS) technology. Heat transfer solutions, such as heat pipes and mechanically pumped fluid loops (MPFLs), are investigated, with heat pipes divided into unseparated and separated versions. Advanced microfluidic cooling strategies for effective heat removal are also discussed. For heat rejection, the review focuses on deployable radiators, variable emissivity radiators, and phase change materials (PCMs), which handle the changeable thermal environment in space to ensure effective heat dissipation.

Dr. Wen-Xiao Chu, the study's corresponding author, says, "Our assessment emphasizes significant developments in thermal management technologies that are essential for the success of future space missions. By tackling the particular thermal difficulties of the spaceship environment, these technologies secure the durability and performance of onboard electronics, paving the door for more ambitious space exploration and satellite missions."

The space sector will benefit greatly from advancements in thermal control systems. By assuring efficient heat regulation, these technologies improve the reliability and lifespan of spacecraft electronics, which is critical for long missions. Lightweight and high-performance TMTs increase overall efficiency and cost-effectiveness. As the demand for high-power and miniaturized space systems increases, integrating these sophisticated thermal solutions is critical to the future of space exploration and satellite technology.